Myocardial ischemic postconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion is impaired in ob/ob mice. īouhidel O, Pons S, Souktani R, Zini R, Berdeaux A, Ghaleh B. Myocardial preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury is abolished in Zucker obese rats with insulin resistance. Katakam PV, Jordan JE, Snipes JA, Tulbert CD, Miller AW, Busija DW. Obesity improves myocardial ischaemic tolerance and RISK signalling in insulin-insensitive rats. ĭonner D, Headrick JP, Peart JN, du Toit EF. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The combined OGD+ORX phenotype described in this study is a novel animal model with associated cardiovascular risk factors and complex myocardial pathology which may be representative of male patients presenting with TDMetS. Our findings provide evidence to support that the MetS and TD independently impair myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion. In addition to the combined differences observed in each of the isolated models, the OGD, ORX and OGD+ORX models each had greater CK-MB levels following in vivo cardiac ischemia-reperfusion insult compared to CTRLs (p<0.05). The ORX animals had reduced serum testosterone and left ventricle mass (p<0.05). OGD-fed animals had 72% greater fat mass 2.4-fold greater serum cholesterol 2.3-fold greater serum triglycerides and 3-fold greater fasting glucose (indicative of diabetes mellitus) compared to CTRLs (all p<0.05). Body composition, cardiovascular structure and function and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion were assessed. Serum lipids, glucose, insulin and sex hormone concentrations were determined. These groups were further sub-divided into sham-operated or orchiectomised (ORX) animals to mimic hypogonadism, with and without diet-induced obesity (n = 6/group). Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly assigned to two groups and provided ad libitum access to normal rat chow (CTRL) or a high fat/high sugar/low protein "obesogenic" diet (OGD) for 28 weeks (n = 12/group). We have characterised and investigated three models in male rats: one of diet-induced obesity with the MetS a second using orchiectomised rats mimicking TD and a third combining MetS with TD which we propose is representative of males with testosterone deficiency and the metabolic syndrome (TDMetS). Recent studies show that glutamate and orexin (ORX, also known as hypocretin) inputs to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) cell region are essential for conditioned behavioral responses to reward-associated stimuli. The joint presentation of these conditions has complex implications for the cardiovascular system that are not well understood. (':mphone is not empty AND s.Current models of obesity utilise normogonadic animals and neglect the strong relationships between obesity-associated metabolic syndrome (MetS) and male testosterone deficiency (TD). (':mphone is not empty AND s.HomePhone = :mphone), (':phone is not empty AND s.StudentMobile = :phone ), (':phone is not empty AND s.HomePhone = :phone ), (':email is not empty AND s.Email = :email'), #ORX ANIMAL HOW TO#I have experience to use andWhere and orX, but my question was how to use 'and' / 'expr()->andX' inside 'orX'.Įxample below (Question was on the pseudocode parts inside orX): $qBuilder = $repo->createQueryBuilder('s') My real query is quite complex, but can be simplified to something like "A and ((B and C) or (B and D))" (I know math equation as "A and B and (C or D)", but my real query cannot be simplified). IS there a better way to build a complex query in Symfony 2?
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